Sowing & Growing

Chili peppers can be initiated from seeds sown indoors, spanning from late winter to mid-spring. Begin by filling a 10cm (4in) pot with high-quality seed compost, flatten it to create a level surface, and sow a few seeds on top. Since most seeds will germinate, sow a few extras to account for potential losses. Cover the seeds with a fine layer of vermiculite, insert a plant label, and water. While a heated propagator can expedite germination, you can use a clear plastic freezer bag secured with an elastic band if one is unavailable.

Once the seeds have germinated, relocate the pot from the propagator to a well-lit windowsill or a bench in a heated greenhouse. When the seedlings reach 2.5cm (1in) in height, transplant each into its own 10cm (4in) pot. Ensure the roots are adequately covered, with the leaves just above the compost surface. Water the seedlings and place them in a well-lit indoor location. If sowing seeds is overlooked or if a warm, bright space is lacking for plant development, consider purchasing young plants from garden centers in late spring.

During the growth phase indoors, transfer the plants to 13cm (5in) pots filled with general-purpose compost when roots start to emerge from the drainage holes. Stake the plants with a pea stick when they reach about 20cm (8in) in height or earlier if they begin to lean. Pinch out the tops of peppers when they reach approximately 30cm (12in) to promote branching.

Plants are ready for outdoor placement in late May or when the risk of frost has passed. You can either plant them directly into the ground with a spacing of 45cm (18in) apart or transfer them to 22cm (9in) pots to allow for ample growth space. Remove the small pea stick and cover with fleece or cloches if necessary. Alternatively, three chili peppers can be planted in a standard growing bag, with eventual support from three short sticks with strings for taller cultivars.

For a prolific harvest, ensure regular watering, especially in hot weather, and feed every two weeks with a general-purpose liquid fertilizer. Initiate feeding when flowers first appear, usually while plants are still indoors, and continue until the fruits are harvested.