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Buckwheat, also known as saracen corn, is herbaceous plant that belongs to the smartweed family. It originates from Central Asia, but it can be found around the world today. Despite its name, buckwheat does not belong to the family of grasses and it is not closely related to wheat. Buckwheat is often called pseudo-cereal because of its grain-like seed that are used in human diet. Cultivation of buckwheat started 4.000 years BC. Buckwheat grows on acidic, infertile soil. It has short growing season and it requires cold climate for the successful development. Popularity of the buckwheat started to decline during the 20th century, when new, improved types of fertilizers (which are essential for the cultivation of other grains) started to develop.
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Sowing & Growing
Sowing should take place in May, June, July, or August, with a growing period of approximately two to three months. The plant typically reaches a height of around 50 cm and can thrive in most soil types. However, it is not a nitrogen fixer.
To sow, prepare the soil by roughly digging it over and removing any weeds. Lightly tread the soil before scattering the seeds evenly across the surface (a method known as broadcast sowing) to ensure good coverage. Although seeds can be sown in rows, this method is less effective for suppressing weeds. Once sown, rake the soil and water thoroughly. During dry periods, it may be necessary to water the area until the green manure is well established.
For care, the green manure should be cut down before it flowers, while the stems are still soft. This allows for quicker decomposition, retention of beneficial nutrients, and easier incorporation into the soil. The cut material can be turned into the top 15 cm of soil or left on the surface as a mulch. When left as mulch, worms will help incorporate the organic matter into the soil while improving aeration.
The recommended sowing rate is 12.5 grams per square metre.
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